Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed only one Hajj in his 63 years of life. This was his first and final pilgrimage, widely known as the "Farewell Hajj." Near the end of the 10th Hijri year, the Prophet (PBUH) announced his intention to perform Hajj, sparking immense enthusiasm among the Muslims of Medina, and he set out accompanied by over 125,000 companions.On the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, he delivered his historic Farewell Sermon on the plains of Arafah.
Opening his address, he commanded the attention of the companions, saying, "O my dear companions! Listen carefully to what I say today. I fear I may not have another chance to perform Hajj with you all." This poignant opening set a deeply emotional tone, signaling his imminent departure from this life and preparing the Ummah for the future.He declared equality as a central pillar of the community.
The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized that all Muslims are brothers and that no one is inherently superior or inferior to another; all are equal in the eyes of Allah. He specifically highlighted the rights of women and the mutual responsibilities of spouses. He cautioned against excess in religious practice, citing the destruction of past nations due to such extremism.Sanctity of life, property, and honor was strictly upheld.
He cautioned the congregation to fulfill the rights of their subordinates and remain just in all dealings. He forbade forbidden practices such as polytheism, theft, falsehood, and indecency, urging his followers to live pure and truthful lives. He reminded them that they would one day return to Allah and be held accountable for their actions.He left behind the most precious legacy: the Quran and his Sunnah.
The Prophet (PBUH) stated that those who firmly held onto his legacy would never be led astray. He identified this legacy as the Holy Quran and his own Sunnah. As the sermon concluded, he emotionally asked Allah to bear witness that he had successfully fulfilled his mission, to which the vast crowd responded with thunderous affirmation.The sermon remains a vital source of guidance for all time.
The directives laid out on the plains of Arafah continue to serve as essential moral compasses for modern society. Its teachings on justice, equality, and moral integrity are as relevant today as they were over 1,400 years ago. May Allah grant us the ability to live our lives in accordance with these noble principles.
